Event Driven Objects/Framework on the Web

Okay,

I am a desktop developer moving to web development. The guys who I am working with use procedural PHP, and coming from an event driven, objectified perspective (using WPF and C#.Net) I am completely lost in what seems like the Wild West of development.

Are there any language/framework combinations that allow some semblance of state between the client and server and 'persists' the objects? Is there a way to create a definition of an object that is synonymous between the client and the server?

Is there anything that incorporates testing and UI components as well?

I realize this is a somewhat broad and biased question, however it is one that I have not found any definitive answers for. Any advice and guidance would be thoroughly appreciated!

Thank you for your time, Jason